สารานุกรมไทย
สำหรับเยาวชน
เมนู 10
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สารานุกรมไทยสำหรับเยาวชนฯ / เล่มที่ ๑๐ / เรื่องที่ ๗ จิตเวชศาสตร์และสุขภาพจิต / Ѳҡ÷ҧؤԡҾ
Ѳҡ÷ҧؤԡҾ
Ѳҡ÷ҧؤԡҾ
·á
·á (áԴ֧ ) з´ ¡
"Фҡ
(oral period)" 硪µͧ
ͧ觼蹷駡ԧ ؤӤѭش¹ ""
öçԵ ҢҴ˭ 觨
ӤҴҢѺ ͺ Ҥ纻Ǵ
ɮըԵ¡й "ѡͧ"
(primary narcism) ԨӤѭ й "ôٴ"
Ѻҡ 硨о դآ
ٴ颳з ¹֧ѡҢͧҡ
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ؤԡҾͧ·á |
ҧҹҧ
ҨԭԺǴ С˭ Ҩѹ
ҹ Ժ Թ СԹӴѺ
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| Ҩš˹ػҳ
դš˹Ҩͧ ҨШ˹
ҨͧԹҡ
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| Ԥѹ¡ТǺáͧ
"觤Ͷҧ"
(stage of trust) Ѻ§ٴ¤ѡѡ
Ѻʹͧͧ·ѹ ǡٴѹ
¡СѺ¹ʺ
纻ǴѺͺٺ Ҥ纻Ǵ
ҨоѲҤͶҧ§ Ͷ͵ͧ
ҨԺ繼˭آ ͧš
դöͶ ҧ㨼 ͡˹仨ҡͧҴ
ǹ硷Ҵѡͺ йջѭҷҧؤԡҾ
ШԺ繼˭Ҵҧ㨼 駢ҴͶ
ͧ
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ؤԡҾͧ·á |
Ԥ (Erik Fromm) ѡԵ
ԡѹʡŹͿ¹ (Neo-afreudian) ժ§š
¡ѡͧյ١ "ѡԴ"
(unconditional love) բ ١Т
ѡ١ § ҹ
ҪͺءҵԷءդ繵çѹ
ѡͧ繤ѡ٧شͧªҵ Ե˹觡 "äͧ
觾ó ҧá١"
( - / )
з´¡ "Ф˹ѡ"
(anal period) ˹ͧ ͧ觼˭
µͧ ѡǡԹͧ ǡѹ
˭ѡн֡ѴâѺ繷繷ҧ (toilet training)
硨о㹡âѺ ֡
öǺö´µͧ
С鹡 觡 觷ҡ ҧá
硶١ѧѺͧâѺҡԹй
Ͷ١֡ⶶب ѹ Ǥ
лҷԭ§
ЪҺѧѺù觶ͧ
Ҩջѭ Ժ繼˭ ҨպؤԡҾӤԴӷ
º õçԹ ֧´ ´ ѡ״
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ؤԡҾͧ |
¹Ԥѹ¡
"лͧ
ͧ" (stage of autonomy) ҡءҹ ҡ ҡ
ҡͧ蹷ӹ ҡ͡͡ҧࡧ
ͺҺѧѺ͡ǹ鹵ǹ ˭ͧ
˭㨨֧ѡͧ Ҵ
˭͡¹ҡʺó 袳ǡѹ
ӡѴͺࢵ һ¹ͧӾѧ
ҨѺѹ ҡѺҹʹ
˭Ҩ¡ҹ
Ҩͧ¨Ѻ¹йԴ˹
¹ҡʺó ҧ
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¹鹢ͧԭҹس
(superego) ѺԴͺ С÷Ӥ 硨¹Ẻ˭
Դ Դô 硶١ѧѺѹ բҡԹ
ҨԺ繼˭ѧ Ҵ
ТҴҤ㹵ͧ Ҷ١ҡ Դբͺࢵ
硨Ժ繼˭ ѡѧѺͧ
Ҩռ㹡õԴ͡Ѻؤ
غ
غ ( - ) ´¡¹ "ʹԾ"
(oedipal period phallic phase)
ʹ㨤ᵡҧͧ
դѡȵçѺ зӵ繤
ѵ١ѺǡѺ 㹨Եӹ֡
ҧ 硪¨Դǧ˹ лöҡӨѴ
֡蹹 ԴѴ (conflict)
ҷѡСǾ ͢ѴѴ駹 Ҩ֧Ե
͡Ըҹ 繡кǹ㹨Եӹ֡Դ¹Ẻ
硪¨֧¹Ẻ ǡѺ
ѹҡҹͧþѲҺؤԡҾ繪
˭ԧоѲҺؤԡҾ˭ԧ¡Ըǡѹ
¹Ẻô
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ؤԡҾͧغ |
Ԥѹ¡¹
""
(stage of initiative) Ҩͧ ء ҧѡ ҧ ҧ
е鹡 ҨǷ觢ͧ աѹ
ҡдաѹ Ҩоٴҡ
ҨԴͧǾʴ ˭ѧ ǡѺͧԧѧ
駹Ե Դͽѹ (fantasy) ਵҾٴ
˭Ҩø ŧ
觨зѲҡâͧҪЧѡѹ
ҨԺ繼˭
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繵繵
ҹͺԹ ˭Ҩٴҧ "˹٤ҡͺԹ
ѧ ԧ˹٤Դͧ
˹ѧͺԹԧ "
硷ç¹غҨջԡҡѧŵ͡èҡ
Ҩͧ ҷҧآ ͧ˧ªǤ
¹ 繤лͺ¹
ѹ ǡѹ ʹ ҨѺ
ʹ㨢ͧ蹡 Ҩ֧ʹ ͧ
¹ͺ繵ѵ 繪ҧ 繵Ǿ
Ǩ ջªҡ С蹹¹
к¤Ѵ㹢ͧ͡仴
Ҩѭҷҧ õͺ繨ԧ¢ͧ
硶 ͡Ҩҡ˹ ҡд
õͺº ժͧҧ Ѻ͡
硺ҧҨ Ѻ㨨ҡ
Դ֡ҧҧ˭ ѡ
ТҴͺ ١»
Ҩ֧ͧԸաêµͧդԴԹ ôŧ
觷ջѭҡ ֡ Ǵͧ ҧ
ҡ ·餹 ҧ
ѡǹաԨ蹷ʹ㨡 ᷹ ʧ
ù仵Ǩ л֡ᾷ 硺ҧҡäѹdz
֧仨Ѻͧdzȡ
¹
¹ ( - ) ɮըԵ ¡ ""
(latency period) 硨价ҧ¹ ͡ѧ
觾ҺԴôҹŧ ѡʹҾǡ
ͺǡѹ 褳
¹顮ࡳͧѧ ԷԢͧؤ صԸ
Ф֡ѺԴͺ 蹡ҧդӤѭ
ШЪ·آҾҧ ѡ շҧͧ͡
繡ü¤֧´ ͡ҡ Ҩ֡ʹ
ѡ褳 ѡ骹 ʹԷǡѹ
Ѩغѹ
ѺԷԾŨҡ÷ȹ Է ˹ѧ;
շ駼Ŵмµ ˭õѴԹ 㴤
С˹ͺࢵ ҹԨѰԡʴ
ŪԷԾŵ 㹷ҧ 㹷ҧ
ѡźҡ
Ԥѹ¡¹ "ص з"
(Stage of Industry) 硷 й
ҤѺʹѺʹعѧ 觨ռŵҤͧҧҡ
ҹй´ դ֡ ջ ͺͧ
硷 ҤѺӪ
˭ǹҡ㨼Դ ԧ ԧ
ҷӴ Ѻ繡ѧ зԺ繼˭ص ê·١ͧ ê "áз" ""
ҧ Ҫ¶ ú͡
"ҷҴҹ蹹" ŧ ᷹Ъ Թú͡
㹷ӹͧ ŧҡ
(- ) ·ա¹ŧԴҧҡ
駴ҹҧ ШԵ ¢ͧҡ
繼˭ ˹觹ҡ繼˭
ҴùҾ ҡ觵ͧ դԴ繢ͧͧ
ա˹觹ҡѧ֡ͧ÷觾ԧ
ѺͨҡԴô
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¹ŧҧҧ繪Ѵਹ Ҩ٧Ǣ
աԭҡ 駹ͧҡաԭ 㹺dz⾷
(hypothalamus) еͧ (pituitary) ǹ˹ҷӧҹ
ԵªԴ ͡ԭԺ ȢͧҨ֧ԭ
˹ҷҡ 硪§ᵡ բѡ
բҴ˭ ˭ԧ˹͡ ⾡
д ¹ŧҨҡѧ
㹡óշԺҡǡ ͧ
ԭԺҧǴ мŨҡ ҡԹЧǧ
Ҩ˹ ҵС¨ҹ ͡ҡ
ҨվѧѡѹҧԴ鹵ҵ
֧ҷҧк¾ѧٻ Сûдɰ
ҧä觵ҧ
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ؤԡҾͧ |
ʹȵç 仵ҵ
Ҩդ֡عç Ẻͽѹ Ҩŧ
Դٹ ͤ Ҿ¹ ѡѡ
Ҩعç ѹç ´ Т㨧
Ҩ蹡ѧٻѡɳ¹͡ ǹԹ ٧Թ
繸 ѡդԴš عç
ششóѹ٧عç ѧҴʺóͧԵ
Ҩդ֡Ѻʹ ѴԹ١ ͡ѡɳǹǢͧ
ѡ仡Ѻ褳Тͧ Ҩ֧Ҩ١ѡ٧ ҧ˧ش˧Դ
ҷ ҧѺաǪҧѹ
ԴôǹҼҹ仴´
) դ㨾ĵԡͧ
) ѺԴ繷ᵡҧ㹷ҧҧä ͡Ҿٴʴ֡
) ͡繵Ǣͧͧ
¡բͺࢵԹ
) շҧкͧ͡оѧҧ١ҧ ʹѺʹع㹴ҹá
ЧҹŻ 繵
) ͡ʤ еѡ ѡ٧㹷ҧ
) ֡ͺ 觾лѺء
觷蹤÷Һ
) ¹ŧҧ ҧͧԢͧء 仵ҵ
ͧԵ Ѻҧ
)
ͧ÷ҧȷԴ繢ͧ
繤Դͤҧ ͧҡѧͧ֡
ͪԵ˹дէաҡ
ѧ㹰ҹз§ͧФͺ
蹨֧ѧ
ѺԴͺԵͪԵ硷Դ
ҷҧк͡㹷ҧҧä 蹡
Ԩͧ褳 繵
) ÷˭ͷǧԧ ǹҡзҹѡǧ ֧ਵҴյ
͡ҡ ҹҹʺóͧԵҡ ֧ѡ秡ó ѡҴ˹ԴҴ¡ 觢Ҵʺó
ԭ繼˭ 觶 "ء"
(maturation) Ѳҡáش
Ҩա¹ŧҡ ٧آ
Ҩмҹʺóҡҧ 駷Դء آ
ª
Ҩšҧ ѡʹ оҾͧ
ͧҹ 繼ѺԴͺԵͧ
Ԥѹ֧颹ҹش ¹ "кóҾ (integrity)" зԵդóúǹ
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